Stimulant

Stimulates circulation and smooth muscle, affects heat regulation, desensitises nerve endings and reduces pain, neuralgia, shingles. Poor peripheral circulation, anti-obesity

Carminative

Flatulence, digestive atony, colic, dyspepsia esp. in the elderly

Diaphoretic

Anti-spasmodic

Anti-cholesterol

Angina with coronary insufficiency (NOT hypertension). Lowers LDL’s, and prostaglandins associated with inflammation

Anti-haemorrhagic

Haemorrhoids, toning to veins, stops bleeding

Externally:

Rubefacient
Antiseptic
Counter-irritant

Can burn sensitive individuals, use in low dosages

Neuralgia, rheumatic pains, chilblains, lumbago, chronic laryngitis, stiff joints, bursitis, bruises, chilblains and shingles

Herbal extract 1:20, 5-10mL per week, 1:3, 1-2mL per week

Energetics: Hot, very pungent. Dosha: VK-P+

Meridians: lungs, spleen, stomach, heart

Contraindications: Hypertension, peptic ulceration, hyperacidity, digestive tract inflammation.

Caution: Anticoagulants and before surgery.  Increases the effectiveness of other herbs as it increases circulation.